Introduction CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are essential executors of the immune response, making their study critical for advancing cancer immunotherapies (like CAR-T), infectious disease research, and vaccine development. The reliability of any downstream functional analysis—from cytotoxicity assays to single-cell sequencing—is fundamentally determined by the quality and functional state of the isolated cells at the very […]
When assessing drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, most researchers instinctively turn to liver microsomes. But what about the gut? The intestinal epithelium is not just a barrier—it’s a metabolic powerhouse that can dramatically alter a drug’s fate before it ever reaches the bloodstream. Ignoring intestinal metabolism means missing critical data on first-pass extraction, oral bioavailability, and […]
In biomedical research, pigs and minipigs serve identical roles as animal models, particularly due to their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. However, significant differences between them influence their specific applications, ease of handling, and ethical considerations in laboratory settings. Body Size Differences of Conventional Pigs vs. Minipigs Conventional domestic pigs, including common commercial farm […]
